Financial Crisis And The Collapse Of The Lehman Brothers

It is almost mandatory that every company, institution, firm, organization, business or enterprise – small or huge – has to undergo a financial crisis. Once in a while, it must find it hard to balance its books of accounts. If the situation gets severe, then the organization may even close down. This paper will give a detailed review of one institution -The Lehman Brothers - whose financial crisis led to its fall (Wong Smith, 2010). It will examine the beginning, the end, and the outcomes of the same. In addition to that, the report will also analyze the government policies that relate to the fall of the Lehman Brothers. In details, this paper covers the reasons for the crisis, the impact of the crisis on financial markets and institutions, the impact on the global economy, the response to the financial crisis (the bailout plan and the effect of it on capital markets), as well as the aftermath of the crisis that cause the collapse of this Company. In a way, this paper connects the knowledge I gain from the classroom to the current financial situation, to apply the concepts that I learn in this class, and to better understand the financial system in the United States. Rationale The goal is to study, analyze and report findings of the recent Financial crisis†, and since the Collapse of Lehman Brothers is one of such is, it suits this context. At the same time, it is one of the enlisted topics that the professor asked the class to consider in handling this assignment,Show MoreRelatedThe Collapse Of The Lehman Brothers1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe global financial crisis of 2008 that reeked havoc on most of the financial institutions had them fall into liquidation and bankruptcy. One of the most popular and most debated incident was the failure of the Lehman Brothers. The Lehman Brothers were a leading US investment bank that was worth $600 billion (D’Arcy). The global financial crisis prompted Lehman Brothers to close its leading subprime lender (BNC Mortages) in 23 locations (). The closing of these locations were so aggressive thatRead MoreFinancial Crisis Essay1088 Words   |  5 Pagesinvestors propagated the financial crises. Institutional investors, which is both, individual or companies do enjoy the benefits of reduced commission preferential regulations. This is due to their large and professional investments. Institutional investors like the mutual funds, pension funds, hedge funds like Magnetar Capital, and Life insurance companies like the AIG and investments trusts contributed to the global financial crises of 2007-2008. This financial crisis also referred to as the greatRead MoreThe Collapse Of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.1012 Words   |  5 Pages1. Introduction 158-years-old institution, the Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc., Sought chapter 11 protections on September 15, 2008, indicating the largest bankruptcy filed in the U.S. history. The Lehman declared $639 billion in assets and $619 billion on debts, which surpassed the previous bankruptcy filed by WorldCom and Enron. The Lehman brother was 4th best-ranked U.S. Investment bank and globally 7th best investment bank before the collapse. An industry that had 25,000 employees worldwideRead MoreThe Great Recession And The Housing Crisis1600 Words   |  7 PagesGREAT RECESSION The financial crisis that began in August 2007 has been the most severe of the post-World War II era and, possibly--once one takes into account the global scope of the crisis, its broad effects on a range of markets and institutions, and the number of systemically critical financial institutions that failed or came close to failure--the worst in modern history. Although forceful responses by policymakers around the world avoided an utter collapse of the global financial system in the fallRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081419 Words   |  6 Pagesthe recent credit crunch. The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the Global Financial Crisis and 2008 financial crisis, is considered by some economists such as Nouriel Roubini, professor of economics and international business at New York University, Kenneth Rogoff, professor of economics and public policy at Harvard University, and Nariman Behravesh, chief economist and executive vice president for IHS Global Insight, to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression ofRead MoreLehman Brothers : A Worldwide Firm1440 Words   |  6 PagesCompany Overview Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc was a worldwide firm, that provided financial service to clients globally. It was established in 1844 by a German immigrant named Henry Lehman in Montgomery, Alabama; as a shop that sold groceries and goods. Emanuel and Mayer were his younger brothers and they joined the business in 1850 (library.hbs.edu). After Henry’s death in 1855, his younger brother started to run the company. Over the decades, only family members were allowed to become partnersRead MoreLehman Brothers1021 Words   |  5 PagesLessons from Lehman Brothers: Will We Ever Learn? MGT 521 September 9, 2013 Introduction Lehman Brothers financial services filed bankruptcy on September 15, 2008, in the New York Southern District U.S. Bankruptcy Court. Resulting in an immediate 500 point drop in the Dow Jones (Did Ernst amp; Young Really Assist Financial Fraud? 2011). This day became known as ‘‘Dark Monday’’ (Donaldson, 2012). This was to date, the largest bankruptcy filing in history unleashingRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of 2008-10 And Its Impact On The Financial Health Of The Institutions999 Words   |  4 Pages The Global financial crisis has been described as the worst financial crisis after the Great Depression of the 1930’s. This was a Financial Crisis and affected terribly the banks of the United States of America. The banks during this time had low capital base and suffered from a serious liquidity crunch. Leveraging was very common at this time. This increased financial instability of the banks called for major changes in the financial regulations by the government. This essay will discuss theRead MoreThe Collapse of Lehman Brothers1138 Words   |  5 Pages2008, Lehman Brothers filed for  bankruptcy. With $639 billion in assets and $619 billion in debt, Lehman s bankruptcy filing was the largest in history, as its assets far surpassed those of previous bankrupt giants such as  WorldCom  and  Enron. Lehman was the fourth-largest U.S. investment bank at the time of its collapse, with 25,000 employees worldwide. Lehman s demise also made it the largest victim, of the U.S.  subprime mortgage-induced financial crisis that swept through global financial marketsRead MoreThe Caused and Effects of Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy1974 Words   |  8 PagesThe caused and effects of Lehman Brothers bankruptcy. â€Æ' Lehman Brothers was founded in 1850 and it is a diversified investment bank provided financial services for global companies, institutions, governments and investors. Lehman Brothers was one of the most powerful stock and bond underwriters and dealers in the world, and it also as the fourth largest investment bank in the United States before. Because of widely recognized to Lehman’s operational capacity, the company had many world-renowned

Inclusion Through Universal Design. Influence Of Japanese

Inclusion through Universal Design: Influence of Japanese Monozukuri in Accessible Design He swings left to right, growing more agitated with each passing second and then abruptly stops. Looking overwhelmed and defeated, he appears to have given up on his cause. Approaching cautiously, I ask if I may offer my assistance and he gladly accepts. Hand in hand we cross the dangerously busy intersection and part ways. As I cross back, I recall my professor’s lectures on the pervasiveness of bad design within society. The bad design of the inaccessible crosswalk for the visually impaired man continues to linger in my mind. Three months later, I find myself in Japan observing the empowerment of their society through the use of universal design.†¦show more content†¦This mindset brings innovative and universal design solutions across Japan. Toyota also states that â€Å"in Monozukuri, workers ‘bring their mind to work’ and are fully empowered and trained to deal with different situations creating an elevated sense of ownership†. (SA Partners, 3 ) In my observations, monozukuri acts as both a pre/post step within the design process. While in Japan, I observed monozukuri in many places, but its use in accessible design stands out to me. The lack of accessible products is a global issue that is often given little attention. Lack of accessible design limits the autonomy that lesser abled persons have with their surroundings. Enter the concept of accessible design, which aims to ensure that products and environments are made suitable for a diversity of people with various ages or physical and mental ability. Monozukuri influences accessible design as its foundation is created from increasing awareness of the environment and community. Japan seamlessly integrates accessible design, lessening societal obstacles for people who need these accommodations. For instance, take a hazard like a busy crosswalk. In Japan, crosswalks use both visual and auditory cues to tell when it is safe to cross. (Guidelines for Accessible Pedestrian Signals) The crosswalk in Shibuya (Figure 1) and Shinagawa emitted loud bird like chirping whenever it was time to cross. Intrigued, I attempted to cross with my eyes close usingShow MoreRelatedMultinational Corporations4554 Words   |  19 Pagesproducts in its native country and manufactures them abroad, often in Third World nations, thus gaining trade advantages and economies of labor and materials. Almost all the largest multinational firms are American, Japanese, or West European. Such corporations have had worldwide influence—over other business entities and even over governments, many of which have imposed controls on them. During the last two decades of the 20th century many smaller corporations also became multinational, some of themRead MoreResource Wars: the New Landscape of Global Conflict 5105 Words   |  21 Pagesbelligerents, an analysis of the linkages between natural resources and armed conï ¬â€šicts suggests that the criminal character of their inclusion in international primary commodity markets responds to an exclusionary form of globalization; with major implications for the promotion of peace. This paper analyses the role of natural resources in armed conï ¬â€šict, through their materiality, geography and related socio-economic processes. Section 2 examines the debate over the role of scarce and abundantRead MoreEssay on International Management9589 Words   |  39 Pagesdeal is properly structured to suit both parties needs.   A clearly written agreement that is satisfactory to both companies is the best foundation for a good business relationship which will be an asset to your company. A major deal is a break-through moment for any growing company.   By having a negotiation attorney on your side, you can be sure that the agreement is one that will help propel your business to new heights of success. (http://www.davidmwalkeresq.com/pages/deal-negotiation.php)AnRead MoreNike Report13324 Words   |  54 Pagesfootwear sales and revenues are generated through large retail segments/distributors such as Foot Locker, Champs, Athletes Foot, Finish Line, and many other physical locations. In addition to this, sales are also generated through online websites such as Eastbay, Amazon, Shoebuy, and Zappos.com. Hoovers states that the demand in the footwear industry is driven by fashion and demographics. The profitability of individual companies depends on their ability to design and market attractive shoe models (HooversRead MoreRohingya Problem in Bangladesh6891 Words   |  28 Pagesof  World War II, the British retreated from Arakan. World War II Japanese occupation On 28 March 1942, around 5,000 Muslims in  Minbya  and  Mrohaung Townships  were killed by Rakhine nationalists and  Karenni. Meanwhile, Muslims from Northern Rakhine State reciprocated by killing around 20,000 Arakanese including the Deputy Commissioner U Oo Kyaw Khaing, who was killed while trying to settle the dispute. During  World War II,  Japanese  forces invaded  Burma, then under  British colonial rule. The BritishRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesdegradation of the global environment and massive spurts in excessive mortality brought on by warfare, famine, periodic genocidal onslaughts, and worldwide epidemics. In no previous epoch of history was war so vilified and peace so consciously pursued through the establishment of international organizations and diplomatic exchanges. 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Broken Windows Theory Free Essays

What Impact has the Broken-windows Theory had on Policing? What about the Future? 02/18/2010 Question Response pg. 118 Broken-windows theory is the thought that when low levels of crime and disorder and deviance are not held in check, then more serious crime is likely to follow (Roberg, Novak, Cordner pg. 102). We will write a custom essay sample on Broken Windows Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was a theory proposed by J. Q. Wilson and Kelling in 1982. The broken-windows theory has had an effect on policing in the past, and will play a role in how policing is done in the future. First let’s look at how the broken-windows theory has impacted policing in the past. Broken-windows theory suggested a way of thinking in the community. Citizens felt safer when police departments conducted more foot patrols in the neighborhood, and felt the police were more aware of the crime that occurred. As time progressed into the adaptation of the motorized patrol, some people felt that the police had lost touch with the community and were not aware of the small underlying issues of the bigger crimes that occurred (pg. 66). Through the theory of broken-windows, a zero-tolerance style of policing was developed. Some police departments, such as New York, implemented the zero tolerance style and claimed that it lowered their crime rates in the mid 1990’s (pg. 103). The police became more arrest oriented and focused on a more aggressive approach to crime control. They would increase their traffic citations, arrests, and increase their contacts with citizens. However, one of the issues with the zero tolerance style of policing is that it can cause some undue harm to citizens. By being to aggressive, it leads officers to become more suspicious of some people even though they may not deserve it, and can to lead to false arrests or abuse (pg. 04). In conclusion, the broken-windows theory has created the zero tolerance style of policing, and has lead some citizens to believe that the police are not in touch with their neighborhood due to the lack of foot patrol. As cities continue to grow and expand, most police departments will not have the resources to devote some offices to foot patrol, w hile having others in vehicles to respond to other calls for service in other areas. Therefore under the broken-windows theory, departments will have to address the issue of the community not feeling safe without foot patrols. Also, understanding that if minor crime is not addressed, the potential for larger crime may follow; this will lead departments to find new strategies to address these issues. Departments will look to work with the community (community policing) in an effort to resolve the issues without delay (zero tolerance). Broken-windows theory has affected the way police departments operate since it was developed, and only through new and creative strategies can it be correctly implemented. Reference: Roberg, R. , Novak, K. , Cordner, G. (2009). Police society. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. How to cite Broken Windows Theory, Papers Broken Windows Theory Free Essays The notion that serious crime is stemmed from minor disorders and fear of crime was a well-developed hypothesis in the 1980s by James Q. Wilson and George Kelling (Hinkle Weisburd, 2006). Wilson and Kelling (1982) had coined this theory as â€Å"broken windows†. We will write a custom essay sample on Broken Windows Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Broken windows theory states that disorder in a society causes the residents of the society to develop fear (Hinkle Weisburd, 2008). The authors go on to state that fear is the fueling source behind delinquent behavior, which resulted in higher rates of serious crimes (2008). The main concept of this theory illustrated that if police were to target and eliminate minor disorders through community policing, it would have an overall impact on the reduction of crime rates (Gau Pratt, 2008). Broken windows theory was not accepted by all, in fact it sparked a great deal of controversy (Wilson Kelling, 1982). The opposing views of broken windows theory argued that it was too weak because of the lack thereof empirical evidence proving the correlation between implementation of broken windows policing methods and decrease in crime (Harcourt, 1998). The purpose of this essay was to compare and contrast the two different perspectives on the broken windows theory. This paper shall also conclude whether the broken windows theory can be successfully used within a community policing model. In my opinion the broken windows theory had enough substantial groundwork presented that it was successfully used within community policing. To begin, according to Clyde Cronkhite (2004) the theory was true. Cronkhite connects â€Å"disorder and crime as part of a developmental sequence† (2008, p. 46). The main concept that Kelling and Wilson stated, was that if small minor disorders such as littering, public drinking, graffiti etc. were tolerated in a society than it would spiral out creating more serious crimes (Cronkhite, 2004). Cronkhite (2004) gave reasoning behind their theory stating that serious crimes stem from criminals assuming that once there was social acceptance of minor delinquent behaviors, the community became vulnerable and were less likely to act against such behaviors. Broken windows entails a process whereby unchecked visible disorder signals to residents that community lacks social control. This assumption is that the law-abiding citizens and the criminal alike are attuned to this signal† (Gau Pratt, 2008, p. 164). Gau and Pratt (2008) gave an explanation as to why criminals tend to flood the streets when minor disorders are present in society. The authors reasoned that it is because the general public sought shelter or safety off of the streets which in turn allowed criminals to occupy the area (Wilson Kelling, as cited in Gau Pratt, 2008). From personal experience in third year of University I attended a midnight street walk of downtown Toronto, which allowed me to draw on the same conclusions as Gua and Pratt. During the street walk it was clear that certain geographical areas provided an outlet for further crime to exist based on social senses, such as Regent Park. Also, based on physical evidence that remained on George St in front of Seaton House; needles on the floor, graffiti on the walls and empty alcohol bottles not only concluded that this area was a favorable environment for crime, but that indeed some form of illegal acts had occurred. Furthermore, Gua and Pratt (2010) discussed how the perceptions of disorder in a community instilled fear into its members and how fear created social disengagement from the community. The broken windows perspective outlined the cognitive thought behind what individuals viewed as disorders (Cronkhite, 2004). In other words, disorder was always in the eye of the beholder, which in this case was the community. The way the community interpreted the delinquent behavior for example littering, determined whether the community was going to reject or accept it into their societal values. Based on the community’s decision we must consider an outsider’s perspective on such behavior as well. James McCabe (2008) goes on to talk about how it was not the physical aspect of the act (litter in itself) but rather the symbolism it created that lead to increase in crime. McCabe also stated that if individuals saw littering as a threat to social order, this threat would no longer be overlooked or considered unimportant, instead littering would be viewed as a key catalyst to a chain of negligent behavior (2008). Fear was a result of the negligent behavior, fear also generated attachment to the visible characteristics of delinquency, helping outsiders derive a negative stigma about a community (J. Irwin, personal communication, Oct 3rd, 2012). Tepperman and Curtis (2011), provided an explanation as to why crime occurs based on the social functionalist approach coined by Emile Durkheim â€Å"in order to have a well-functioning society it requires values, cohesion and social control† (p. 19). This theory was based on the principal that social problems are socially created (Tepperman and Curtis, 2011), the social functionalist approach supported the original work on the broken windows theory, which stated that minor disorders are classified and looked at based on individual perception (source). Structural functionalist approach established that problems in a society originate from the observation of others’ consequences (Tepperman and Curtis, 2011). In this particular case the consequences of the minor delinquent acts created greater chaos. To combat the growth in crime rates in any geographical area, â€Å"broken windows philosophy entails addressing the minor problems in a community before they create conditions that welcome and/or permit more serious offences† (McCabe, 2008, p. 291). McCabe (2008) also theorized that if you were to control the disorder you could then control the crime. The outcome this theory had on police response was that it created the order maintenance policing strategy (Cronkhite, 2004). This was the gateway introduction to community based policing. Broken windows theory demanded that there be community involvement (McCabe, 2008). The positive correlation between community policing and reduction of crime rates, was not necessarily in the affects the police have on the disorder itself, but rather the sense of order being restored into the community through hands on approach (Sampson Raudenbush, 2004). When the community saw active policing, and a restored sense of community, people began to feel safer within society and were more inclined to help with community restoration initiatives (McCabe, 2008). The order maintenance strategy operated based on a community policing model, which is known as The Ontario Association of Chief of Police (OACP) Model (G. Hanna, personal communication, Sept 26th 2012). Wilson and Kelling’s theory was based on the social science experiment of Phillip Zimbardo, who had studied the snowballing effect on vandalism at the Stanford University Campus parking lot New York City in 1969, once a vacant car was left unattended to (McCabe, 2008). Kelling and Wilson (1982), indicated that disorder and crime have a strong positive correlation based on the yielded results from Zimbardo’s experiment. The first to implement the order maintenance approach was the New York Transit Authority (NYTA) (Corman Mocan, 2005). The NYTA tackled the Subway vandalism problem head on, they eliminated graffiti, and arrested those who tried to cheat the subway fare system (Corman Mocan, 2005). Bratton the main leader in organizing the initiative, stated that the theory was accurate (Corman Mocan, 2005). Bratton went on to explain that there was a dramatic drop in rime rates committed in the subways following this approach, thus backing up the broken windows theory (date). After realizing the positive results of aggressive order maintenance strategy, the broken windows theory was then put to the test by the NYPD (Corman Mocan, 2005). The NYPD were also only reaping the benefits from this decision. Deploying this strategy had an impact o n the offender’s belief that the risk of apprehension was high, thus the NYPD sent a clear message to the community that law and order prevail over petty and serious crimes (Sampson Cohen, 1988). Immediately after the implementation of order maintenance, NYPD saw significantly decreasing numbers in serious crimes such as homicide, robbery and rape (Corman Mocan, 2005), the city ended up reaching its all-time low. Kelling in his later work wrote, â€Å"Both experience and substantial formal research demonstrated that disorder left untended ultimately leads to serious crime†¦ Fighting disorder, by solving the problems that cause it, is clearly one the best ways to fight serious crime, reduce fear, and give citizens what they actually want from the police force†. Kelling 1999, p. 29 as cited in Gau Pratt, 2008, p. 167). Another Dutch researchers conducted an experiment that revealed how visible social disorder increased an individual`s temptation to indulge in delinquent behaviour (Kaplan, 2008). A Dutch researcher, Keizer tested this theory by; â€Å"placing an envelope containing a 5 euro-note hanging from a mailbox†¦ when the mailbox was clean, 13 percent of passers-by stole the envelope. When the mailbox was surrounded by trash, the percentage jumped to 25 percent, and then 27 percent when it was covered by graffiti. (Kaplan, 2008, p. 1). It was evident that the presence of litter (minor disorder) increased the rate of crime double fold. This Netherland experiment bolstered the broken windows theory (Kaplan, 2008). On the contrary, these results fueled the debate of whether the broken windows theory was the driving force behind crime reduction in the area. While researchers tried to determine the root causes to a particular crime, the macro-social approach shed light on crime originating from â€Å"poverty, unemployment, racism, class conflict, etc. † (McCabe, 2008, p. 92) Kennedy and Moore (1995) believed that the police did not have direct impact on these crime causing issues, therefore no direct impact on crime. Harcourt was the main author to challenge the broken windows theory. He scrutinized the theory as well as the da ta gathered by author Skogan, statingthat although there were several measures of serious crime (assault, sexual assault, and burglary) available in Skogan’s research, he only disclosed the findings on crime correlated to robbery (Harcourt, 1998). This made Skogan’s work discreditable and biased. Another reason why broken windows was said to be invalid is due to people`s perceptions on the relationship between crime and disorder; whether or not they are separate entities (Corman Mocan, 2005). â€Å"If disorder and crime seem to be different in the eyes of neighborhood residents, then order maintenance policing may have a fighting chance at crime reduction. If however, the two phenomena merge into one in the minds of those residents, then broken windows theory and its accompanying order maintenance policing strategies will need to be rethought. (Gau Pratt, 2008, p. 170). Furthermore, the main concept of broken windows theory was attacked. The idea that if disorder is not found frightening, citizens remain on the streets, therefore streets are not being opened to criminals, thus criminal behaviour would not take place (Hinkle Weisburd, 2006). Interestingly, the studies conducted against the theory have not given much attention to the relationship between disorder and fear, which was surprising given its importance in the model. (Hinkle Weisburd, 2006). Studies based on broken windows are too inconsistent to be able to draw a definite line as to whether or not the theory was accurate and the possibility of integration into community policing. Researchers have stated that there are statistically better predictions of crime such as community stability and collective efficacy of the neighborhood, therefore police should not focus their time into â€Å"fixing† the broken windows theory but rather dedicate their time to other predictors (Weisburd Braga, 2007). Consequently, if police were to dedicate their time on the other factors rather than on minor disorders there would be less objectivity in regards to police involvement (Weisburd Braga, 2007). The authors point out that although all individuals would be in favour of collective efficacy, it was hard to address and improve upon (2007). Making it easier said than done. These other statistical predictors of crime were rational and helpful in regards determining all possible causes of crime, but they were far too ambiguous of concepts to be solved through practice (Weisburd Braga, 2007). Thus broken windows theory was a practical option, it was applicable to any community and it was able to be implemented quickly. According to the OACP Model order maintenance policing would be considered as part of the community mobilization and crime prevention sector. This sector allows the police to take charge and impact minor disorders preventing future crime while encouraging community members to get involved, thus transitioning toward safer communities and to the ultimate goal of low need for police assistance (G. Hanna, personal communication, Sept 11th, 2012). In conclusion, the macro-social approaches, lack thereof empirical evidence, relationship between fear and disorder as well as perceptions on social disorders were the critiques made against the broken windows theory. Despite these critiques, the theory proved to be true through real life application. Therefore I draw to the conclusion that it was and continues to be successfully incorporated into the current policing model. If police services in Ontario dedicate more time to target the social disorders visible in our communities, they will help build positive relations in the community. By restoring order in our communities we are another step closer to eradicating serious crimes (Wilson Kelling, 1982). References Corman, H. , Mocan, N. (2005, April). Carrots, sticks, and broken windows. Journal of Law and Economics, 48(1), 235-266. doi:10. 1086/425594 Cronkhite, C. (2004, March 1). Illusions of order: The false promise of broken windows policing (Book). Criminal Justice Review (Georgia State University), 29(1), 245-248. Retrieved October 1, 2012, from http://web. ebscohost. com. subzero. lib. uoguelph. ca/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? id=50642dd3-c8cc-4a96-aa51-1baee6674c01%40sessionmgr114vid=1hid=107 Gau, J. M. , Pratt, T. C. (2008, May 1). Broken windows or window dressing? Citizens (in)ability to tell the difference between disorder and crime. Criminology Public Policy , 7(2), 163-194. doi:10. 1111/j. 1745-9133. 2008. 00500. x Gau, J. M. , Pratt, T. C. (2010, August). Revisiting broken windows theory: Examining the sources of the discriminant validity of perce ived disorder and crime. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(4), 758-766. Retrieved October 1, 2012, from How to cite Broken Windows Theory, Essay examples

Business Economics Sole Supplier in Imdustry

Question: Describe about the Business Economics for Sole Supplier in Imdustry. Answer: Introduction: A monopolist is the sole supplier of the product in the industry. It regulates price. It either decides price or output. There is no supply curve in such kind of a market structure. It is in hands of the sole supplier to regulate how much output it wants to produce and sell it in the market. However, pricing of such products are guided by the fundamental MR-MC rule. That is, price is settled at a point where MR is maximal. Profit maximization is at that level of output where MR is equal to MC. Thus, corresponding price is the equilibrium price and corresponding output is the equilibrium quantity (Parkin,2013). Analysis: a). A seller would charge lower prices of its product only when he is aware that the price elasticity of the demand of its product is very high. In this case, the seller is very much aware of the fact that any downward movement in the price is very much likely to have a positive effect on the quantity demand. Moreover, due to the given downward sloping nature of the demand curve, it will be able to send more at a lower price and vice versa. It would continue to produce upto a point where MR=MC. Below diagram (left side) depicts the same scenario where the elasticity of demand is very high. A seller charges lower price and offers greater quantity. b). A monopolists seller would increase the price of its product when that there is no availability of any close substitute for the product it sells . This makes the demand for its product to be greatly inelastic. Hence, there will be a smaller reduction in the demand of the product on the account of the increase in the price. (Mankiw, 2007). Below diagram (right side) depicts the same scenario where the elasticity of demand is very low. A seller charges higher price and offers lesser quantity. Conclusion: Thus, price elasticity of demand plays a vital role in determining how much price or quantity would be offered to the buyer. Question 2). Introduction: ` A theory of comparative advantage states that there will be an overall rise in the economic welfare if both countries engage themselves in trade by trading and specializing in that commodity whose opportunity cost is low. Analysis: A statement that a country would flourish without trade is completely false. A country in isolation would be producing both goods- efficient as well as inefficient ones. However, if such country engages in trade, specializes in producing efficient commodity and imports a good where the cost of producing is relatively high, then it would produce more output and earn extra income. For example, France, in isolation would produce 29 units of both goods and China would produce 25 units of both goods. After entering into trade and specializing in the efficient commodity where the opportunity cost is low, both countries would produce more (Parkin,2013). For example, consider the following table where the opportunity cost for producing 1 unit of mobilephones is 1.9 units for France. For China, the opportunity cost for producing 1 unit of mobile phones is 1.08 units. Thus, China has comparative advantage in producing mobile phones because it has lower opportunity cost. France has comparative advantage in producing cheese due to lower opportunity cost. Mobile phones Cheese France 10 19 China 12 13 Total 22 32 Conclusion: Hence, because of the existence of the constant returns to scale, both countries specialize (France in cheese and China in Mobile phones) in producing a product which increases after specialization. That is, China will be producing 24 units of wine instead of total 22 units of production and France will now produce 38 units of cheese instead of 32 total units (Mankiw, 2007). References: Mankiw , G 2007,Economics: Principles and Applications, 4th edition South Western, Cengage Learning India Private Limited. Parkin, M 2013,Microeconomics, 11thedition, Prentice Hall.

Healing free essay sample

After one infection, two operations, three drainings, and 15 physical therapy sessions, I was back in the hospital for yet another operation. They carved me up like a tomato. Almost surreally, time froze; the events of my life blended together. The days since my first knee surgery were confused, thrown in a stainless-steel blender and turned to puree. I woke up after the surgery and was wheeled to my room. I took my volleyball and tossed it in the air over and over. I closed my eyes, focusing not on the pain but on getting back on the volleyball court. Serving, passing, hitting I could still practice, if only in my mind. This was my third surgery within two months, and I was miserable. I sat up in my hospital bed watching â€Å"Jeopardy,† eating orange sherbet, and talking to my mom. â€Å"Mom,† I said with a small quiver in my voice, â€Å"I feel sad. We will write a custom essay sample on Healing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I feel like I let this injury defeat me, and I don’t know what to do. Why did this happen to me? Why me?† â€Å"I know,† she said. She could feel my pain, see it in my face, and hear the distress in my voice. â€Å"Sometimes when you have a setback, it is not about beating an opponent on another team; it can be about beating the opponent within. I know that the fight inside yourself can be the hardest, but taking charge and rising above the situation can be the most rewarding. You end up learning a lot about who you are and what type of person you want to become.† I thought about what Mom said as I took another bite of sherbet, a tear dropping in my spoon. As the ice melted in my parched mouth, I realized that I had to change. A metamorphosis was in the works. Although the rehabilitation would be painful, focusing my energy was necessary to achieve my goals. If I could alter my perspective, I knew that I could be positive. I just had to propel myself through it. I didn’t want people to pity me, and most importantly, I couldn’t pity myself. That day, I started to embrace the pain and use it to my advantage. The more pain I was in, the harder I pushed. One week later, I took my first steps without crutches. I had freed myself from the cuffs that bound me to failure. My experience from the surgeries has made me a more patient, perseverant, and hard-working young woman. I will never forget the pain of the tedious healing. My leg no longer looks like a sliced vegetable, and I have learned the virtues of pushing myself to the ultimate limit.

Ram Manohar Lohia Essay Example

Ram Manohar Lohia Essay Example Ram Manohar Lohia Essay Ram Manohar Lohia Essay Ram Manohar Lohia, (born March 23, 1910, Akbarpur, India- died October 12, 1967, New Delhi), Indian politician and activist who was a prominent figure in socialist politics and in the movement toward Indian independence. Much of his career was devoted to combating injustice through the development of a distinctly Indian version of socialism. Lohia was born to a family of merchants. Following the death of his mother when he was two, he was raised primarily by his grandparents, although his father’s commitment to Indian nationalism influenced him during his childhood. Lohia attended Banaras Hindu University before earning a bachelor’s degree (1929) from the University of Calcutta and a doctorate (1932) from the University of Berlin, where he studied economics and politics. In 1934 Lohia became actively involved in the Congress Socialist Party (CSP), founded that year as a left-wing group within the Indian National Congress; he served on the CSP executive committee and edited its weekly journal. A vehement opponent of Indian participation on the side of Great Britain in World War II, he was arrested for anti-British remarks in 1939 and again in 1940; the latter incident resulted in an 18-month imprisonment. With the emergence in 1942 of the Quit India movement- a campaign initiated by Mohandas K. Gandhi to urge the withdrawal of British authorities from India- Lohia and other CSP leaders (such as Jaya Prakash Narayan) mobilized support from the underground. For such resistance activities, he was jailed again in 1944–46. During and after India’s transition to independence in 1947, Lohia continued to play an active role in its politics. At loggerheads with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on several issues, however, Lohia and other CSP members left the Congress in 1948. He became a member of the Praja Socialist Party upon its formation in 1952 and served as general secretary for a brief period, but internecine conflicts led to his resignation in 1955. Later that year Lohia established a new Socialist Party, for which he became chairman as well as the editor of its journal, Mankind. A spellbinding orator and a passionate and perceptive writer, he advocated for various sociopolitical reforms in his capacity as party leader, including the abolition of the caste system, the adoption of Hindi as India’s national language, and stronger protection of civil liberties. In 1963 Lohia was elected to the Lok Sabha (the lower house of parliament), where he was noted for his sharp criticism of government policies. Although his parliamentary influence was ultimately limited, his progressive views, which he expressed in numerous publications, proved inspirational to many Indians.

Depend on you ( follow the instruction) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Depend on you ( follow the instruction) - Essay Example The initial impetus that was received from these kings and queens was required for the religious structures to attain strength after which it could fashion itself into a self-sustaining entity. A promotion of these religions also served important functions for these monarchs as it led to unity in realms other than religion in most cases. This effect was partially due to the emergence of alternative centres of power but it was also because of the individual philosophies that were a part of these religions. These philosophies may not have survived in the absence of the state sponsorship that it received but since the monarchs of this age extended their patronage to these religions, there was a certain kind of unity that was forced upon the people as a result of the royal patronage. Buddhism managed to create a certain kind of unity between sections of Hinduism, which was till then the main religion of the Indian subcontinent. The different philosophical views that existed in Hinduism became united owing to the fact that Buddhism was on the ascendant due to the patronage that was extended to it during the reign of Asoka, who reigned over India. Buddhism represented a challenge to traditional ideas of Hinduism which advocated the existence of the caste system and had many rituals that were present for the sake of upholding the structure of caste. With more egalitarian structures, Buddhism held great attractions for the downtrodden of the Hindu society. If not for the patronage extended by Asoka, Buddhism may not have survived the opposition from Hindu power structures. Asoka’s patronage, however, enabled there to be unity in the political realm. People of different religious affiliations came together because of the philosophy of peace that Buddhism preached, which was taken up by Asoka. The spread of the message of peace that Buddhism preached was largely owing to the patronage of Asoka and this fostered a

Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening - Robert Frost Assignment

Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening - Robert Frost - Assignment Example The effect was a beautifully told narrative for its sheer simplicity and rawness. The poem is quite straightforward whose theme and content are readily demonstrated by the title. It revolved around the authors thoughts on the woods and living within its environs. It indicated themes of solitude, thoughts about community as well as personal experiences of someone who occasionally visits the woods and imagines a line from its edge especially as it loomed darkly or when filled with snow. It was dark but brooding, which made it terrifying but sublime at the same time. Also, the narrative and the story being told about the experience may not be the most logical but it was emotionally charged, drawing the reader into the authors melancholy. The poem was supposedly written between 1900 to 1910 when Frost stayed at a farm in West Derry, New Hampshire. An account that gave perspective on the poetry and themes involved was Frost description of this particular episode. He allegedly remarked that his stay was marked with difficult winter that was bleak "both weatherwise and financially" (Tutten & Zubizaretta, 348). The farm stay was alleged to include several trips to the market and back with very little money to spend for food and gifts to bring back to his children. The bleak thoughts must have been interrupted by the scenery and the exertions of both man and horse as they trundled back and forth, farm to market. The message or messages can be illuminated by this context: here was the though process of one descending into a dark episode of his life. The language of the poem is very clear and poignant, capturing not just the poets reverie but the actual flow of thoughts and emotions as driven by his circumstance and the specific journey and stops at the woods. Here was the aspect that lacked logic or system. The poet stops at the woods, and then was thinking

Jesus and Mohammad Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jesus and Mohammad Paper - Essay Example God’s message of this new covenant was delivered by archangel Gabriel who informed the mother of Christ that the Father was pleased with her purity, thus, of all women it was she who ought to bear the very delicate task that would later bring a saving act to redeem sinful men from all trespasses. The plan included Joseph the Carpenter to stand by Mary in crucial times of childbirth which eventfully took place on a specially humble livestock trough in Bethlehem. Together, the couple reared the infant child to youth assuming he was all their own then came an instant when Jesus had to travel with his parents to Jerusalem for Passover and go on a separate way to realize his union with the spiritual Father about whom he sought wisdom through the church elders and rabbis. Muhammad, on the other hand, was brought to existence in an influential setting by parents who were wealthy merchants in Mecca. Being orphan at six, a Bedouin nurse took custody of Muhammad until he learned to live among the nomads and caravans. His experience with Arabian trade across the desert in and out of Mecca earned the respect of Khadija, a widow businesswoman with whom Muhammad acquired prosperity as a merchant upon marriage. While engaged with his fruitful affairs with several traders, there came upon moments of self-doubt and yearning spiritual enlightenment for the inner being. As a consequence, he committed to a life filled with prayers and meditation and on Mt. Hira, it was believed that Muhammad, at the most solemn depth of interaction with the Supreme Being, was strangled by the archangel Gabriel in a holy encounter which he described to have come flashing with brilliant, blinding light as if one capable of impressing a mixture of dread and awe. He confessed that the vision commenced with him an authority to repent and spread the word of one God throughout the nation. This marked the turning point

Arguments Against India As A Single Nation Religion Essay

Arguments Against India As A Single Nation Religion Essay I have tried to understand this topic and share my insights for the same. I have tried to deconstruct the topics in different subject areas. I tried getting an opinion on those subject areas and then link them to have a holistic view of the topic. Before I share my comments on the dictum Unity in Diversity , lets look at India in general. India is imagined in a plethora of ways. The political ideology always has an impact on the nation. A nation exists because of the people. The pathos and ethos which binds them together and makes them move towards an ideal state of affair is long and testing. There are moments of glory in the history of a nation when all political parties rejoice and encourage activities which benefit the image of a nation. For instance, The Nobel prize awarded to Amartya Sen in 1998 when he transformed economics into a moral science in which he targeted many public policies like education and hunger. The same policy has been adapted to the framework of India and used for development by ruling politics. There is need of Innovators and entrepreneurs like Sen who can lead India to a state of absence of malnutrition, illiteracy and poverty. Behind the deathly blows of caste rivalries and religious feuds is a stark reality of limited resources. Behind the demand of a separate land is the desire for reco gnition and growth opportunities. Only, if the political system could design policies to combat it! I strongly believe in the dictum Unity in Diversity. I would like go about in a theoretical and later, practical way in justifying the same. India is a vast country in which people belonging to different religions, castes and creeds live together. Though usually they live in harmony and co-operation with each other, sometimes the harmony is disturbed and disturbance creates many social problems. In order to bring the people belonging to different religions together and in a bid to bridge the gap in cast differences, the countrys social reformers have made positive attempts to forge unity in diversity. India is the cradle of many cultures. In this ancient land, the people belonging to different cultures are living together preserving their own culture and cultural unity, In spite of the fact that there is an apparent disunity in the country, basically there is cultural unity which is visible in every walk of life. It is on this account that it is said that in India there is unity in diversity. India is a land of many religions. There might be different factions and sub sections from the main streamline and that might prima facie give an idea of religious disunity, but on the whole there is unity in so far as each religion is concerned. We basically believe in the theory of dharma and karma. The theory of rebirth and purification of soul, salvation and the philosophy of hell and heaven hold s good every where. Respect for mosques, temples churches, Gurudwaras and religious gods and goddesses is prevalent. A multitude of gods and religious practices, the existence of hundreds of groups called castes, variety of foods and clothing and different types of kinship organization, which one finds in India, create an impression of a bewildering variety impossible to classify and of a society divided into innumerable tiny compartments. Many anthropologists, especially those dealing with the phenomenon of casts, have described this a illustrating the fissiparous tendency of the Indian society, while others have called it horizontal segmentation of the society. Indian philosophy is a product of the Indian society, and reflects the various cultures which have blended together after the time the Aryan entered India. The developed and elaborate rituals on the one hand, and the monistic philosophy on the other, are not an evolution of purely Aryan tradition, but a product of the fusion of the Aryan and the non-Aryan. While the region west of Punjab and including the present Delhi region seemed to be the region of the development of early Aryan thought, the central and the eastern Gangetic plain to the north of the river Ganga was the region of the rise of new specta, culture -contact, culture-confilict and final fusion. Changes have occurred in the overall conception of the gods and modes of worship, and ideas of purity. There are also in existence different modes in different regions. These changes are not due merely to internal evolution. Neither are they due to continuous fission of religious bodies. Independent groups living in the same continent were practicing different modes of religion. The overall changes are due to gradual ascendance of new , non-Vedic ideas, and the existing differences are due to interaction of independent groups who kept their separateness and reacted to each others cultural capital in different ways. The early Aryans themselves racially mixed, and showed a certain catholicity in taste, but the later conquerors, like the Mughals and the fairer British, have made public preference to fairness of complexion in women, though extreme fairness of skin in men is not valued much, at least in the south. Details of formal art forms, like rhyming, are different for different regions. In classical poetry there was no end-rhyming. In Prakrit poetry, especially in Marathi and sometimes in Ardhanagadhi, one finds the end-rhyme. Apparently, this practice influenced Marathi poetry, too. In the neighboring Karnataka, however, we have line which have a rhyme in the beginning and not at the end. All these differences, and also those in dress, ornaments, decoration of house, and food are partly regional, and partly found also in different castes of the same region. It is necessary to study this multiplicity region by region, and it will unfold a tale of cultural conservatism as also cultural borrowi ngs and changes due to cultural adjustments between separate ethnic groups. The peculiarity of Indian social life is that ethnic groups have lived separately from one another. They have devised a mode of inter-group behavior which avoids mutual interference or merging so that the identity of the original group is not lost. There has been fusion. There has also been fission within large groups, but the main cultural feature is the retention of group integrity. This type of social organization made it possible for certain groups to progress while certain other groups became progressively primitive. Although Indias present Constitution has many flaws like separate provision for different castes and creeds, particularly those who are backward and are schedules in the Constitution, the recent industrialization processes and agrarian reforms have brought about a new secular outlook which has given rise to the promotion of a new culture. The new generations of all cases, communities, religions, and sects are getting chance to come together in farms, factories, educational institutions, universities and government bodies for employment. This coming together has caused a blending of different cultures, emanating from difference communities or tribes, under the impact of modernization. Traditional rituals of the older generation are no more in vogue in the new secular communities which are coming up. The unity of interests and attitudes in economic, social and political fields is helping to accelerate the social processes which are giving common values, cultural traits, art forms, arch itecture, music and dramatics. All modern art activity is assimilating the basic cultural values of all tribes, and giving rise to what may be called national culture. However, our national problems lie in inability to distinguish between cultural imperatives and administrative and economic necessities to find out how a nation be built up from the foundation of cultural multiplicity. Each religion preaches purity of character, benevolence and piety along with honesty. Religious books are shown respect and honor by all. The people go on pilgrimage with respect and reverence. There is always devotion in prayers and so on. Basically all religions believed in religious toleration. In this way there is religious unity in the country. In India there is now great cultural unity. Indian philosophy of life, literature, customs and traditions are basically the same. The institutions like those of marriage etc. are found throughout the country. There are certain rituals and sanskaras which are observed throughout the country. Similarly there are many festivals which are celebrated with great zeal and vigor throughout India. We find a kind of emotional unity in the country. The very name of India or Bharat Mata brings us emotionally closer to each other. Though in India there are different languages and each language has its own literature, yet Sanskrit brings all emotionally together. We treat and consider Sanskrit as the mother of all Indian languages and that brings us emotionally together. Permanent elements of Indian culture are: Maximum stress is laid on spirituality and not just on the earning of wealth. Maximum stress has been laid on religion. Dharma or righteousness is promoted. A dharma or injustice should be checked. We are also reminded that even gods take birth as human beings to check the spread of a dharma and kill those who stand in the way of dharma. All along India culture has taught us to follow religious toleration. It implies that every religion must be given an opportunity to observe its ideology and viewpoint. It also means that every other religion must be shown respect for what is good in that. There should be no violence in religious affairs. Capacity to absorb all good cultures should have that capacity. Hinduism comes to the forefront in this respect. It has always either completely absorbed them or largely influenced all cultures. Indian culture is very wide I its approach to every problem. It lays stress on religion, spiritualism and salvation, without ignoring material and married life. It has always said that the people should be led according to Dharma. Stress on freedom of thought and expression, Hindu culture has always believed that culture becomes rich when the people have freedom of expression. Thoughts and expressions will enrich the culture and that will become dynamic. The unity to the desired extent is not achieved as there arise serious hindrances to national unity. Regionalism is not great hindrance. It implies that the region is above the nation. It should only be developed and the people of that region along should be given the benefits of their development. The region should have maximum autonomy in running its own administration. Regionalism should promote love for the region as well as for the nation as a whole. Now coming to the arguments put forth by Ramchandra Guha in his thoughts about India being an unnatural nation , or being a single divided nation. I think he does have enough examples to illustrate the fact that , yes India is a divided nation after all. The main aspect to understand here is , which factor is more overbearing. Nations are made of two things- Memories and Amnesia. The forgotten memories are best buried together by opposing groups and the good memories must be shared and cherished. Only then is kinship born .However, reality is different. Even if some people forget misfortunes, the rest never do. They pass it on to their successors, shaping their minds to avenge it. In India, secularism made its appearance not only as a concomitant of modernity and nationalism but also as an answer to communalism, another mode political with its pretentions to nationalism. The Hindu nationalism was a natural growth from the soil of India Jawaharlal Nehru wrote in the secular, modernist position and Muslim nationalism it inevitably comes in the way of the larger nationalism which rises above differences of religion and creed. While an ideal nation has images, policies and practices and its state continues to be debatable the nation state now has a powerful and tangible material, intellectual and spiritual force. Whenever an independent nation state is established, the connect with nationalism takes a backseat. This is due to the availability of resources for the oppressed, minority or unheard part of the population. Both Gandhi and Nehru believed that the idea of a nation as a singular space. Inspired from thinkers like Leo Tolstoy, Thoreau and Ruskin, Gandhis impeachment of modern civilization was a political project on behalf of India as a nation. An Important historical moment is the round table conference in London 1931-32, held for drawing the constitution for a future independent India. Gandhi went on a fast unto death in protest at Ambedkars attempt to have untouchables recognized as a minority community like the Muslims and Sikhs. This period is of great significance because it reflected the competing ideas about the legitimate place the citizenship of the community and the minority within what it meant to be Indian. Notions of fossilized communities, a majority Hindu population as well as liberal democratic ideals, had existed side by side in India for much of the nineteenth century. Prior to the insidious entry of the British, India was a wealthy nation also known as sone ki chidiya. The garments, the jewels and the food items were in surplus and of extremely good quality. India was imagined to be a prospering entity under rulers. The political instability gave way to British Raj, with the set up of the East India Company. The 200 years of British raj, had new systems introduces in the society like the land revenue system and postal system. These changed the lifestyle of Indians. Although the British did not consider Indians as civilized but the belief was that India is a close-knit nation and so they came up with the system of divide and rule. The much touted Swayamwar (selection of spouse by a princess in an open forum) is indicative of this deficiency and our total disregard for forging unity. Whereas matrimony amongst the royals in the Europe has always been an instrument of forging strategic alliances, Swayamwar invariably created more enemies than friends. All rejected princes and kings felt insulted, nursed a grudge and waited for an opportunity to take revenge to redeem their self-esteem. History bears testimony to the fact that every Swayamwar was followed by acrimony and internecine wars. Reverting to the role of the British, they never divided us to rule, simply because they did not need to. We have always been and continue to be a divided lot. Formation of states on linguistic basis was never attempted by the British. The Mandal Commission was not constituted or implemented by them. Nor was the Babri Masjid demolished by the British. The current agitation in Maharashtra has not been initiated by the East India Company. Caste based reservations and quota system, the prime splitter of the Indian body politic, were not invented by the erstwhile rulers. Nor are they preventing us from enacting a uniform civil code. The list is endless. We have a knack and penchant for generating innovative issues to divide ourselves. We are doing our best to ensure that we remain embroiled in petty bickering and internal dissentions. To us, our region, religion, caste and sub-caste are more important. Worse, we flaunt this narrow identity and give it precedence over nationalism. If after 60 years of independence, Kashmir and the North East are still not emotionally integrated with the country, the failure is ours.  Ã‚   Undoubtedly, the politicians are the fountainhead of all fissiparous tendencies. One does not have to be a visionary to predict the danger of abetting illegal migration from  Bangladesh  for garnering votes. North Indians in Mumbai are not welcome but illegal Bangladeshis can stay. If political leaders can imperil national security for the sake of power, they can stoop to any level. Sadly, they cannot be expected to change as they believe in the ends and not the means employed. To them, vote bank politics preclude letting countrymen stay united. Additionally, spineless and politicized bureaucracy simply follows their dictates and cannot be expected to deliver either. Immense damage is also being inflicted on the unity of the country by the media through its irresponsible and thoughtless reporting. For the sake of cheap sensational news, petty vandals are given the coverage befitting a mass leader. Every news item is reported with a religious, caste or creed slant a dalit girl molested in a Delhi bus (as if other women are not molested in Delhi buses) or church guard killed (in reality an argument between two security guards had turned violent) or Muslim driver runs over a boy (his being a Muslim is of no relevance). Thus I think , With all its problems and troubles, India always finds a way to hold itself together. India now has become extremely mature and practical about things. It does wait for a Cricket World Cup , Or a patriotic Bollywood movie to express its feeling of oneness , but the realization that being together , united , is the only way to progress and prosper has been established. So though I agree with M. Guhas arguments of India not being a single nation , I think thats essentially how India has been and will be. But the truth lies in the fact that we find our won ways to display unity and move ahead in our attempt to progress. India has learned to live with the fact that its a nation full of diversity and the tolerance levels hence created have made sure the diversity camouflages under the spirit of accepted oneness or uniqueness.

Aristophanes and Homoeroticism: Admiration or Scorn? :: Aristophanes Homoeroticism Papers

In reading the comedies of Aristophanes, modern readers are able to catch a rich glimpse of the gender norms and expectations of his time. Visions of power-hungry, crafty women and bumbling, foolish men pervade his plays and reveal ancient Greek views and stereotypes regarding male and female roles. One of the more complicated concepts to grasp, however, is Aristophanes’ true sentiment regarding homosexual love and practice. The aim of this paper is to compare Aristophanes’ presentation of homoeroticism in The Women at the Thesmophoria to that of his speech in Plato’s Symposium and attempt to clarify the playwright’s stance on the matter. In these two works, Aristophanes offers a mix of mocking and approving sentiments oh homosexual men and the practice of homosexuality itself. As he is a comedian, Aristophanes immerses his characters in satire in order to gain laughs from the audience; by looking carefully at the texts, we can see he does not actually see homoeroticism as an institution to be derided and ridiculed. To begin, an examination of The Women at the Thesmophoria can provide valuable insights into the prevailing culture’s notion of homosexual relations. Just before Euripides and the Kinsman reached Agathon’s house, they discussed the poet briefly: Euripides: There is an Agathon †¦ Kinsman: You mean the suntanned one, strong guy? Euripides: No, a different one. You’ve never seen him? Kinsman: The one with the full beard? Euripides: You’ve never seen him? Kinsman: By Zeus, never, as far as I can recall. Euripides: Well, you must have fucked him, though you might not know it (38-45). This exchange, which foreshadowed the entrance of Agathon, provides us with a clear idea of how a man ought to look: tan, strong, and bearded. The joke here is that Agathon was by no means a masculine man, as proven by Euripides’ last comment, which solidifies Agathon’s effeminacy by stating he prefers a passive sexual position. While the statement may apparently show disdain for homosexual acts in general, it actually emphasizes the lack of manliness only in taking the passive homosexual position. Aristophanes and Homoeroticism: Admiration or Scorn? :: Aristophanes Homoeroticism Papers In reading the comedies of Aristophanes, modern readers are able to catch a rich glimpse of the gender norms and expectations of his time. Visions of power-hungry, crafty women and bumbling, foolish men pervade his plays and reveal ancient Greek views and stereotypes regarding male and female roles. One of the more complicated concepts to grasp, however, is Aristophanes’ true sentiment regarding homosexual love and practice. The aim of this paper is to compare Aristophanes’ presentation of homoeroticism in The Women at the Thesmophoria to that of his speech in Plato’s Symposium and attempt to clarify the playwright’s stance on the matter. In these two works, Aristophanes offers a mix of mocking and approving sentiments oh homosexual men and the practice of homosexuality itself. As he is a comedian, Aristophanes immerses his characters in satire in order to gain laughs from the audience; by looking carefully at the texts, we can see he does not actually see homoeroticism as an institution to be derided and ridiculed. To begin, an examination of The Women at the Thesmophoria can provide valuable insights into the prevailing culture’s notion of homosexual relations. Just before Euripides and the Kinsman reached Agathon’s house, they discussed the poet briefly: Euripides: There is an Agathon †¦ Kinsman: You mean the suntanned one, strong guy? Euripides: No, a different one. You’ve never seen him? Kinsman: The one with the full beard? Euripides: You’ve never seen him? Kinsman: By Zeus, never, as far as I can recall. Euripides: Well, you must have fucked him, though you might not know it (38-45). This exchange, which foreshadowed the entrance of Agathon, provides us with a clear idea of how a man ought to look: tan, strong, and bearded. The joke here is that Agathon was by no means a masculine man, as proven by Euripides’ last comment, which solidifies Agathon’s effeminacy by stating he prefers a passive sexual position. While the statement may apparently show disdain for homosexual acts in general, it actually emphasizes the lack of manliness only in taking the passive homosexual position.

The Sixth Sense Film Analysis

With a close up of the award, the clip begins with our view of the couple only in reflection of Malcolm’s recent award, which is made to seem meaningless as we can’t read the writing despite it being in centre of the frame. The award is in a red frame. This already seems to be warning to both Malcolm and Anna that danger could be heading their way, especially during the reflected close-up shot of the two. It also makes us wonder why this prop appears slanted on the chair.This suggests that the award is a symbol of danger. Also, the red lighting on the couple from the fire leads us to believe that they are now the central target of a dangerous presence. Which we see in upcoming events. The only sound we hear is diegetic, though its very quiet which gives off a calm atmosphere but may also suggest we should be listening for something. In the shot where the couple are reflected in the frame, we see that she is lower down than him showing the characters importance.00:06:08 A wide shot is used to show the scenery and expensive objects. We can see that they are a wealthy couple through the setting. The large living room has what looks to be expensive furnishings and an ornate fireplace as well as a grandfather clock and chandelier in the equally big hallway. We also can assume this as Malcolm is wearing a jumper with a rowing club logo, something we often associate with richer people. The couple then head upstairs and discover the house has been broken into.The setting suddenly becomes dark and we see Anna’s shadow on the wall, She’s positioned to the right in front of the open window showing a dangerous situation, this is also hinted as her back is turned on the dark room insinuating there may be something lurking in the shadows, which is why the lighting is very low key and dull. We hear some diegetic sound though its rather quiet which helps to change the atmosphere from relaxing to a tense and suspicious one.00:06:41 Malcolm approaches his wife to see what the problem is, with this we get a point of view shot, the camera examines the floor before tracking up to the smashed window, the shot lasts approximately 8 seconds and allows us to take in the situation. The phone on the ground makes a beeping noise similar to the sound of a warning alarm which should be seen as a warning in its self. The noise then dies out which links to Malcolm’s life later in the scene.We can assume this scene is centred around Malcolm as it’s his view we’re seeing from, it’s also his bag we see on the floor sprinkled with shattered glass as well as earlier the winning of the award. 00:06:54 A mid-shot Is used to show Malcolm being protective of his wife. As the couple have now taken off there expensive jackets/cover ups it seems they also lost the power that comes with it. 00:07:08 The camera slowly zooms towards Malcolm and straight cuts back to a point of view shot, as this happens we hear the non- diegetic music increasing the tension.As we see Malcolm begin to move we also hear the faint noise of movement from the intruder, this (as well as the camera shot) is allowing the audience to capture that the intruder is standing in the bathroom. We see in a point of view shot to add tension as well as close ups so the audience can see the expression on Malcolm’s face. Though the distance from the bathroom and the position of Malcolm isn’t far at all 13 seconds pass before we discover who is in the room, the time has been stretched out to cause more tension.00:07:13 The first view we get of the bathroom is of the floor as the shot is still from Malcolm’s point of view, the fact we see the floor before the camera moves up shows that he isn’t confident enough to look straight ahead, the shot then is then zoomed out to create a full body shot. it’s obvious the man we see (Vincent) isn’t mentally stable due to the break in, his body language and the fact he’s took the majority of his clothes off, knowing this Malcolm speaks quietly trying to keep a clam atmosphere.As Vincent moves towards the door we hear the diagetic sound return, we also see Malcolm and his wife are aware of the danger, when Vincent moves closer and Malcolm steps back. 00:09:10 A mid-shot frame is used when Vincent starts to become angry and upset making him unpredictable and therefore more of a risk, the pan across Vincent’s face to allow us to see the emotions and then does the same to Malcolm. Vincents body language also tells the audience how unstable he is, one arm  is ‘protecting’ him throughout, he’s also very closed and shrugged which also gives off the sense of fear.The scene becomes very quiet with the only sound being whispers and crying. 00:09:51 A mid-shot is used as Vincent shoots the gun. High key lighting has been used to show whats going on as it’s done very quickly. The loud gunshot comes as a shock to the audience as it’s been very quiet which adds more shock, within seconds Vincent turns the gun on himself.The camera pans while this happens. Malcolm was shot in his rowing jumper, making it ironic that he was shot right in front of his rowing photo in which they all look happy and full of life. 00:10:27 A crane movement is used to end the scene, the screen then fades black and remains silent for a moment before playing the same non-diegetic music as earlier in the scene. The lighting is very dark and the room is a mess which represents the current situation The sixth sense film analysis With a close up of the award, the clip begins with our view of the couple only in reflection of Malcolm’s recent award, which is made to seem meaningless as we can’t read the writing despite it being in centre of the frame. The award is in a red frame. This already seems to be warning to both Malcolm and Anna that danger could be heading their way, especially during the reflected close-up shot of the two. It also makes us wonder why this prop appears slanted on the chair.This suggests that the award is a symbol of danger. Also, the red lighting on the couple from the fire leads us to believe that they are now the central target of a dangerous presence. Which we see in upcoming events. The only sound we hear is diegetic, though its very quiet which gives off a calm atmosphere but may also suggest we should be listening for something. In the shot where the couple are reflected in the frame, we see that she is lower down than him showing the characters importance.A wide sh ot is used to show the scenery and expensive objects. We can see that they are a wealthy couple through the setting. The large living room has what looks to be expensive furnishings and an ornate fireplace as well as a grandfather clock and chandelier in the equally big hallway. We also can assume this as Malcolm is wearing a jumper with a rowing club logo, something we often associate with richer people. The couple then head upstairs and discover the house has been broken into.The setting suddenly becomes dark and we see Anna’s shadow on the wall, She’s positioned to the right in front of the open window showing a dangerous situation, this is also hinted as her back is turned on the dark room insinuating there may be something lurking in the shadows, which is why the lighting is very low key and dull. We hear some diegetic sound though its rather quiet which helps to change the atmosphere from relaxing to a tense and suspicious one.Malcolm approaches his wife to see w hat the problem is, with this we get a point of view shot, the camera examines the floor before tracking up to the smashed window, the shot lasts approximately 8 seconds and allows us to take in the situation. The phone on the ground makes a beeping noise similar to the sound of a warning alarm which should be seen as a warning in its self. The noise then dies out which links to Malcolm’s life later in the scene.We can assume this scene is centred around Malcolm as it’s his view we’re seeing from, it’s also his bag we see on the floor sprinkled with shattered glass as well as earlier the winning of the award. A mid-shot Is used to show Malcolm being protective of his wife. As the couple have now taken off there expensive jackets/cover ups it seems they also lost the power that comes with it. 00:07:08 The camera slowly zooms towards Malcolm and straight cuts back to a point of view shot, as this happens we hear the non- diegetic music increasing the tensio n.As we see Malcolm begin to move we also hear the faint noise of movement from the intruder, this (as well as the camera shot) is allowing the audience to capture that the intruder is standing in the bathroom. We see in a point of view shot to add tension as well as close ups so the audience can see the expression on Malcolm’s face. Though the distance from the bathroom and the position of Malcolm isn’t far at all 13 seconds pass before we discover who is in the room, the time has been stretched out to cause more tension.The first view we get of the bathroom is of the floor as the shot is still from Malcolm’s point of view, the fact we see the floor before the camera moves up shows that he isn’t confident enough to look straight ahead, the shot then is then zoomed out to create a full body shot. it’s obvious the man we see (Vincent) isn’t mentally stable due to the break in, his body language and the fact he’s took the majority of hi s clothes off, knowing this Malcolm speaks quietly trying to keep a clam atmosphere.As Vincent moves towards the door we hear the diagetic sound return, we also see Malcolm and his wife are aware of the danger, when Vincent moves closer and Malcolm steps back. A mid-shot frame is used when Vincent starts to become angry and upset making him unpredictable and therefore more of a risk, the pan across Vincent’s face to allow us to see the emotions and then does the same to Malcolm. Vincents body language also tells the audience how unstable he is, one armis ‘protecting’ him throughout, he’s also very closed and shrugged which also gives off the sense of fear. The scene becomes very quiet with the only sound being whispers and crying. A mid-shot is used as Vincent shoots the gun. High key lighting has been used to show whats going on as it’s done very quickly. The loud gunshot comes as a shock to the audience as it’s been very quiet which adds mo re shock, within seconds Vincent turns the gun on himself.The camera pans while this happens. Malcolm was shot in his rowing jumper, making it ironic that he was shot right in front of his rowing photo in which they all look happy and full of life. 00:10:27 A crane movement is used to end the scene, the screen then fades black and remains silent for a moment before playing the same non-diegetic music as earlier in the scene. The lighting is very dark and the room is a mess which represents the current situation

What is Asthma Essays

What is Asthma Essays What is Asthma Essay What is Asthma Essay What is Asthma Asthma is a chronic disease that causes narrowing of the small airways in your lungs. Typically patients develop wheezing and usually have increased mucous production in the lungs. The causes of asthma is from family history of asthma. Like Me and my brothers inherited it from mom. Another cause is if as an infant you are exposed to any high levels of antigens, which is a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies. Another cause is an allergic trigger such as mould, animal dander, pollen , cockroaches and dust mites. Also are non- allergic triggers such as chemicals, fumes, odors, certain drugs, too much strenuous physical activity, weather and exposure to tobacco smoke or chemical irritants. The effects are the weakening of lungs, you are more prone to breathing problems, increased lung infection and pneumonia, wheezing , which indicates the tightening of your airways and lastly coughing. The treatments are long erm medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs that will keep your lungs from becoming inflamed. Quick-relief inhalers quickly open swollen airways that are limiting breathing. In some cases, allergy medications are necessary. Long-term medications, generally taken daily, are the cornerstone of asthma treatment. These medications keep asthma under control on a day to day bases and make it less likely youll have an asthma attack. Types of long-term medications include: Inhaled orticosteroids, Leukotriene modifiers, long-acting beta agonist, combination inhalers and Theophylline. You should work with your doctor to create an asthma action plan that outlines in writing when to take medications, or when to increase or decrease the dose of your medications based on your symptoms. Also include a list of your triggers and the steps you need to take to avoid them. Your doctor may also recommend tracking your symptoms or using a peak flow meter on a regular basis to monitor how well your treatment is controlling your asthma.

Visite Brazil Company Overview

Visite Brazil Company Overview Introduction Tourism and the hospitality industry is one of the largest service industries in the world. This industry is a lifeline to the economies of many countries and people across different sectors and regions. Brazil is one of the finest travel destinations globally and a lot of businesses have been established in the country. This essay is going to analyse a company by the name of Visite Brazil operating in the Brazilian tourism industry.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Visite Brazil Company Overview specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizational Structure Visite Brazil is a company which offers different services such as planned and customised travel packages to various tourists. The company employs a large staff who have specialised skills such as translation, drivers, tour guides and marketing executives. The company is headed by a CEO who is in charge of various managerial departmental heads. Visite Brazil’s mission is to contribute in the growth of the Brazilian economy. The company has a philosophy and vision of offering personalized tours to people of all incomes brackets (Hudman, 2003). Visite Brazil focuses on all demographic ages while leveraging its advantage having the best translators for all tourists. Marketing Mix Strategies Marketing mix determines the combination of product, price, place, and promotion to be used in line with the marketing strategy. Visite Brazil has positioned itself to offer a high quality, safety and outstanding customer service product targeting business and leisure customers. The following marketing mix strategies have been applied in Visite Brazil. Product Brazil is a large country with a lot of tourist attractions that caters for a lot of visitors needs. The country has created a wide range of tourist packages to cater for different types of travelers. For instance, the country offers customized holidays to tourists with visits to be autiful places such as Rio de Janeiro, Brasilia and the Amazon forest. Brazil’s economy is large and growing at a fast rate especially in the Latin America region. As a result, many business people visit the country to conduct business or attend trade fairs (Jafari, 2003). Apart from leisure travel, many other people travel to the country to attend or participate in sports events. Brazil is a powerhouse in sports and thus a lot of sports activities are organized in the country. Moreover, the country is also home to the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon whereby tourists visit the country on special tours at features in the Amazon. Visite Brazil is one of the companies that offers services to these beautiful locations (Hudman, 2003).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Price Visite Brazil is a company that offers travel packages at good and discount prices to various travellers wishing to visit Brazil. The company offers specialised prices and packages for travellers wishing to tour the country. The country offers various holiday destinations for both affluent to normal and middle income earners. The prices for the holiday experiences depend on the type of holiday package being sold. The Brazilian tourism market is specialized since prices are based on different factors. Travel to city locations in Brazil is mainly suited for low paying tourists and thus, Visite Brazil usually sells bundled packages for these tourists (Harrison, 2001). During the high tourist season which occurs during the winter and autumn seasons in Europe or North America, Brazil enjoys a good climate leading to high prices during these seasons. Place Brazil is a country located in the tropics in Latin America and thus the country has one of the best climates in the world. This is compared to countries in Europe or North America which experience different c limates annually. As a result, when the countries such as the United States or European countries experience poor climate, tourists end up visiting Brazil (Birle, 2008). The climate in Brazil is superb for tourists’ activities especially during the summer seasons in the country. Brazil is a huge country with a lot of place and spots that allow visitors to vacation and enjoy the Brazilian scenery. Brazil is expected to in the coming years due to the 2014 World Cup being held in the country. This will result in the country being a favorite spot for tourists to visit (Hudman, 2003). Brazil is a place with long pristine and beautiful beaches in the eastern side of the country. Based on this features and information on Brazil, it is easy for Visite Brazil to sell the country to potential tourists and other people in different regions globally. Promotion Visite Brazil is a company with a lot of promotional activities for its services and products through the use of various channels . The company makes use of advertising in news media and through online in target markets of Argentina, the US and Europe. The company liaises with well known tour operators in the United States and other regions to attract tourist to use their products and services. Through the use of public events, Visite Brazil conducts public relations to its potential customers (Harrison, 2001). Moreover, the company promotes its services through airline companies plying several South American destinations. For instance, during in-flight movies, Visite Brazil’s adverts are relayed to promote the companies services.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Visite Brazil Company Overview specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Marketing Mix Tactics In the process of conducting business, it is important to conduct a SWOT analysis for an organization to determine the best marketing strategies to employ. The SWOT analysis is done below: Strengths: The growing Brazilian offers an opportunity for Visite Brazil to tap on this population to grow its revenues. The expected growth of tourist numbers in the coming years will boost Visite Brazil. The Brazilian infrastructure is undergoing a major growth that is expected to open the country for tourists to visit the most beautiful destinations of Brazil. Weaknesses: According to Birle (2003, p. 56), Brazil’s lingua franca, Portuguese hampers communication between tourists and employees of Visite Brazil. This leads to increased operating costs on the part of Visite Brazil hence reducing its revenue. Lack of experience in the tourism compared to its well versed competitors could affect the company in marketing its services. Opportunities: The growing Brazilian middle class offers an opportunity for growth in domestic tourism could be tapped by Visite Brazil in meeting its goals and objectives. Brazil is set to witness one of the largest sports events in terms of the 2 014 World Cup 2016 Olympics. Threats: Increased competition from rival firms and other potential tourist destinations in Latin America could jeopardize Visite Brazil’s goals. The increasing value of the Brazilian Real will make travel to the country costly, and this might drive away tourists to other destinations. Action Plan Based on the analysis of SWOT and 4P’s, it is imperative to draw out a strategy to be used by Visite Brazil in attracting tourists to make use of their services. Visite Brazil will make use of advertising to potential customers in different regions using the internet, magazines and events. For instance, the annual International Tourism Fair offers an ample opportunity for Visite Brazil to market its services and products. The company could diversify its products to cater to the needs of various customers with diverse demographics. The growing relevance of Brazil in the world of business has led to increase numbers in the business tourism segment (Jafari, 2003). Thus, Visite Brazil could offer conference tourism packages to these tourists. The high end organization of the Brazilian tourism industry has made this industry to grow at a fast rate. The connection between banks, hotel accommodations and airlines could be tapped by Visite Brazil in its concerted efforts in marketing its services and products.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Visite Brazil’s most important tool in promoting its services and products is through the use of the internet whereby social media and online adverts could be utilised. Online presence in the current world is important since social media channels and the internet can reach billions of potential customers around the world (Harrison, 2001). Most important is that Visite Brazil builds on its strengths and opportunities while reducing its weaknesses and anticipating threats. Conclusion Tourism is one of the most challenging industries to operate in due to competition and dynamism. Brazil is one of the best tourism destinations that offers an unforgettable experience to tourists. Many companies operate in this competitive region, and one of the companies is Visite Brazil, which is a tour company offering several products and services to tourists. The company has specialised in offering unique tour packages at an affordable cost. However, the company marketing strategy has made the company reap good benefits from the Brazilian tourism market. References Birle, P.,  Costa, S. Nitschack, H. (2008). Brazil  and the Americas: convergences and perspectives. London: FK Publications. Harrison, D. (2001). Tourism  and the less developed world: Issues and case studies. Chicago, IL: Penguin Books. Hudman, L. Jackson, R. (2003). Geography of travel and  tourism: Focus on Brazil. San Francisco, CA: Pelshiver. Jafari, J. (2003). Encyclopedia of  tourism. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.

Special Populations Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Special Populations Health Care - Essay Example utilizing the resources of Department of Health and Department of Education, involving primary and secondary school administrations, engaging the misinformed parents, and signing up well known and relatable role models. According to the latest statistics from US Census Bureau, the amount of population between 10 to 24 years old is approximately 1,726,672, which shows that there are more than a million individuals above the age of 10, and below the legal drinking age of 21 years old (US Census Bureau, 2010). Furthermore, according to the research conducted by the Department of Human Services of New Jersey, an alarming fact discovered is that the local youth have professed â€Å"experimenting with alcohol at a rate above that reported nationally.† Also, it is found that the average age, among the youth, of consuming alcohol for the very first time is 11 years, whereas, around 407,000 individuals are committing underage drinking every year (Division of Addiction Services, 2008). Additionally, other surveys of New Jersey high school students have indicated that around 72.1 percent have consumed a kind of alcoholic beverage at some instance in their lives, and also, female students reported to an increased underage drinking as compared to male students. At the same time, the white and Latino students professed to a greater alcohol use as compared to African American and other ethnic students (Division of Addiction Services 2009, p. 15). In an another study conducted within the high schools, by the New Jersey Department of Education, it was found that the alcohol related incidents, such as violence and vandalism, have increased 14 percent between the years 2007 and 2009 (Hendricks 2010, p. 8). In addition to the large number of the youth involved in alcohol abuse, the massive cost associated with this societal dilemma is definitely an eye opener. According to the latest research conducted by the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, in collaboration with

Single parenting and the effects it will have on children and they how Annotated Bibliography

Single parenting and the effects it will have on children and they how handle relationships - Annotated Bibliography Example ng child can be difficult, besides the obvious economic hardships there are many psychological effects resulting in depression and behavioral instability. Another reason for increase in number of single parent led families is outside or before marriage births and it is estimated that about 40 percent of the total births in America occur without marriage (Ablow). Research shows that the child subjected to a divorce or living alone with a parent since birth can have low self esteem, rebellious behavior and an overall negativity towards marriage and opposite sex (Coontz). The research takes into consideration a popular sitcom, â€Å"two and a half men† and investigates the core issues the child faces after parental divorce and the influencing factors in his life as well as the nature of relationships the child has with others. It would further compare popular research material based on single parenting recommending practical steps that can be taken to avoid negativity in a child. It shall furthermore explain different parenting styles including authoritative, permissive and authoritarian approaches and propose the most suitable style for such children. The sitcom Two and a Half Men revolves around three main characters; Alan Harper (Father), Charlie Harper (Uncle) and Jake Harper (Child). Alan is a dim wit and weak personality with childhood issues of his own, lives with his brother but has no say in the household matters. He has a tendency to be obnoxious, exhibits vindictive behavior towards her mother and sees his alcoholic brother as an inspiration. Jake is a lethargic child with low self esteem and no real ambitions, after his parent’s divorce he spends time with his mother and father but is more influenced by his father and uncle. He has low intelligence and no concern for personal hygiene but is aware of the norms prevalent in the house; norms set by Charlie. Charlie Harper is an alcoholic and sex addict on a self destructive pattern, a confident and self

My Diary Napoleon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My Diary Napoleon - Essay Example The friendship had grown, without considering nationalities, language or even cultural milieu. The fact that I was a descendent of Napoleon Bonaparte did not accentuate or deter our friendship in any way. Today, I finally met Takimori and his sister, Tomoe. Takimori is a very obedient brother. His sister did not particularly favour my presence. and my friend obeyed. Nothing would stop me from appreciating his obedience and still considering him my close pal, in spite of distances. After all, circumstances twist our lives. I will have to look for shelter elsewhere in the Japanese land. Nonetheless, the world is my home! The first friend I made today in this beautiful city, is a creature that is going to accompany me through my journey. This four-legged loyal creature is my closest friend today, and will be one. The very fact that my friend is considered the most loyal creature, gives me a high. We intend to remain this way. I also met a beggar. The poor old chap was really lonely and looked down upon. He kept narrating interesting anecdotes and I felt humbled at the knowledge he possessed and his innate nature. Here's an end to my second day, the beautiful world of dreams beckons me! DAY 3 My third day in this beautiful country was quite an adventurous one. As I kept exploring and travelling with my companion, I checked in to a hotel called the Love hotel. I liked the name, it was so symbolic of the various forms of love we encounter in this world. This world is full of love and joy, trust and care. A mother's love, a sibling's love, a friend's love, a spouse's love.love comes in many forms. It simply embellishes this world and our lives, binding us together and helping build lifetime bonds. It was at this place, that I came across a lady in a disheveled state . She was intent at escaping and rushing out, but seemed to be scared. I helped her escape, since she was completely distressed. She tried running away and shying away, but I certainly tried my best to help her out. However, this angered the hotel management and they turned me out. Back to square one, my loyal companion and I have become the guests of nature this night! Day 4 The very lady whom I helped yesterday, bumped into me today. She was thankful for the help done, that she offered me food and also took me to an old fortune teller. This is the way the world functions. Goodness is spread everywhere and comes in some form, to one's rescue. Tired, as I am today, I shall continue the rest tomorrow! Statement The very purpose of initiating the journal of Gaston, from the day he arrived at Japan, is to highlight the chronology of events that take place. The biggest setback that one can receive when one trusts a friend and goes on to meet the person, is not being invited with open arms and to feel the bruise of being judged on the basis